By Lim Ju-won
Before traveling overseas, you may need to get the following vaccinations and anti-malarial medication.
To get the most benefit, see a doctor at least two weeks before your trip to allow time for your vaccines to take effect and to start taking medicine to prevent malaria, if you need it. Even if you have less than two weeks before you leave, you should still visit a clinic.
Your doctor will determine what you will need, depending on factors such as your health and immunization history, the countries you will be visiting, the disease risk at your destination and your planned itinerary.
Routine vaccinations such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR); diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT); and polio are recommended if you are not up-to-date with routine shots.
You should consider optional vaccinations if you are traveling to countries with intermediate to high levels of endemic transmission diseases such as hepatitis A and B, typhoid or Japanese encephalitis.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through contaminated food and water. For permanent immunity, Hepatitis A vaccine is given as two shots, with the second shot given six to 12 months after the first. But a single dose of hepatitis A vaccine given at any time before travel will provide adequate protection against HAV.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted via infected blood or bodily fluids, and can be transmitted by unprotected penetrative sex with someone who is infectious. The vaccine schedule consists of three shots given at 0, 1 and six months. If you don't have enough time to receive the full vaccine series before departure, an accelerated schedule can be used at 0, 7, 21 days. In this situation, a booster dose should be given at 6 months to promote long-term immunity. And even one or two doses will give some protection to most healthy persons.
Typhoid fever is most often acquired through consumption of contaminated water or food. One dose of typhoid vaccine should be administered intramuscularly two weeks before expected exposure.
You can get malaria from the bite of a mosquito infected with the parasite. To prevent this disease, you should take prescribed anti-malarial drugs and protect yourself against mosquito bites.
Recommendations for drugs to prevent malaria differ by the country you are going to travel to.
In some countries, Chloroquine is not an effective anti-malaria drug. So you should not take this medicine to prevent malaria in this region. Several medications such as atovaquone, proguanil, doxycycline, or mefloquine are available for chemoprophylaxis in these areas.
No vaccination and anti-malarial drug are 100 percent protective and must be combined with the use of personal hygiene and protective measures.
The author is an Assistant Professor at Seoul National University Hospital International Healthcare Center (SNUH-IHC).